for going above and beyond to replicate some of the magic of the X-Files’ early years and honor those who helped make the series what we can fondly look back on today. I have to give credit to Chris Carter and Co. Trash Man is a genuinely terrifying monster, the best we’ve seen in the revival thus far, but he’s secondary to the William arc that claims its first casualty and what Morgan told EW was the third in a trilogy of episodes that explores Scully’s relationship with motherhood. The foul-smelling vigilante bares no relation to Spoonman, but nonetheless provides looks that are equally as sinister. Here it’s a murderous sanitation creature, “Trash Man,” who is the Batman of Philadelphia’s homeless population. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.Following up his brother’s already beloved Monster-of-the-Week comedy episode, Morgan sticks to a similar formula that long-time writing partner James Wong used in “Founder’s Mutation.” Take a noble cause, find a bad guy that goes way beyond the job description, and add a pinch of William. Permission is not required) please go to the Copyright If you want to reproduce the wholeĪrticle in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figuresĪnd diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. Provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission Please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, Provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes. This article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, Guo,Ĭreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. Based on the results given by control experiments, three reaction models are proposed to illustrate the stereoselective-control outcomes.Ĭhiral aldehyde catalysis enables direct asymmetric α-substitution reaction of N-unprotected amino acids with halohydrocarbons The asymmetric α-arylation reaction can be applied in the formal synthesis of the clinical candidate compound (+)-AG-041R. By promoting a simple chiral BINOL-aldehyde catalyst or combining catalysts of a chiral aldehyde and Lewis acid ZnCl 2, the asymmetric α-arylation, α-allylation, and α-benzylation of amino acid esters with the corresponding halohydrocarbons proceed smoothly, producing α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids in moderate-to-high yields and good-to-excellent enantioselectivities. Herein, we report on three highly efficient aldehyde-catalyzed direct α-hydrocarbylations of N-unprotected amino acid esters with aryl-, allyl-, and benzyl halides. However, all the reported methodologies depend on N-protected amino acids as starting materials. The direct catalytic α-hydrocarbylation of readily available amino acids with halohydrocarbons is one of the most straightforward methods leading to α,α-disubstituted non-proteinogenic α-amino acid compounds.
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